How Was Spinosaurus Discovered

If you were to direct a movie about the fossil history of the giant dinosaur  Spinosaurus, the first scene would be set in the flaming Egyptian desert, during the golden age of European colonialism, In 1912--two years before the outbreak of World War I--industrialized nations like Germany thought nothing of sending their diplomats and scientists to far-flung places, from whence they obtained (some would say stole) cultural and historical treasures. On an expedition to the Bahariya Formation of western Egypt, a fossil-hunter named Richard Markgraf discovered the partial remains of an enormous meat-eating theropod, including bizarre-looking structures called neural spines that jutted out from this dinosaurs vertebrae. Markgraf shipped the bones back to Germany, where the venerable paleontologist Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach assigned them the new genus and species Spinosaurus aegypticus (aka the Egyptian Spine Lizard.) Enter the Moroccan Spine Lizard Its not true, as many people believe, that Spinosaurus was reconstructed solely on the basis of Markgrafs discovery. Over the next couple of decades, von Reichenbach found himself in receipt of additional Spinosaurus-like fossils from elsewhere in northern Africa, though none of them were as impressive as the Bahariya type fossil. They did, however, impel von Reichenbach to erect a new species, Spinosaurus maroccanus (Moroccan Spine Lizard), which differed in slight respects from its Egyptian counterpart. Even given the fate of the Spinosaurus aegypticus specimen, the validity of S. maroccanus is on shaky footing. Today, most paleontologists believe that these fossils should properly be assigned to the closely related spinosaur genus Carcharodontosaurus (Great White Shark Lizard) or the much more obscure, and even harder to pronounce, Sigilmassasaurus. Dale Russell--famous for his speculations about what might have become of Troodon if not for the K/T extinction--continues to believe in the validity of S. maroccanus, though hes in the distinct minority among his peers. Spinosaurus aegypticus, Casualty of War The original fossils on which von Reichenbach constructed Spinosaurus aegypticus were deposited after World War I in the Bavarian State Collection of Paleontology, in Munich--and were destroyed in a British bombing raid on that city on April 24 and 25, 1944. (This was rather late in the war, after Germany had, to all intents and purposes, already been defeated.) Fortunately, like any good paleontologist, von Reichenbach left detailed drawings of the specimens and at least two photographs, so in a sense the type fossil remains available for analysis. What actual fossils of Spinosaurus are still extant? Heres a brief list of the best-attested fragments: The Canadian Museum of Nature has a seven-inch-long vertebra, complete with neural arch, that was indispensable in the naming of S. Maroccanus. The Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, in Paris, is in possession of a five-inch-long Spinosaurus snout fragment discovered in Algeria. The Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, in Italy, has an unusually large (almost 40 inch) snout fragment, eight times as long as the Paris specimen above. The Office National des Mines, in Tunisia, is where youll find an even smaller dental and jaw fragment discovered in that country. Closer to home, the paleontological collection of the University of Chicago contains two Spinosaurus nasal bones joined by a fluted crest, measuring about seven inches long. Why Did Spinosaurus Have a Sail? Given all this talk of type fossils, fragments of snouts and fluted crests, its easy to lose sight of Spinosaurus most notable feature: the long neural spines jutting out from the top of its  vertebrae. Initially, Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach interpreted these as having supported a big lump of fat, much like the hump of a modern camel. (At least one dinosaur, Ouranosaurus, is believed to have sported this feature, which presumably would have enabled it to survive in arid climates). In recent years, though, the weight of opinion is that the neural spines of Spinosaurus supported a thin sail along this dinosaurs back, rather than a thick hump. That said, the purpose of this sail remains a mystery; it may have been a sexually selected characteristic (that is, males of the genus with bigger, more prominent sails had more success mating with females), or they may have been evolved to help Spinosaurus regulate its temperature. Want to know more? See this in-depth article, Why Did Spinosaurus Have a Sail?

Effects Of Dementia On Healthcare Services And Society

When in fact they took their clothes of due to excessive heat similar to the same way an individual with Alzheimer took his or her clothes off. Dupuis, Wiersma, and Loiselle, (2012), explain that dominant discourses form how behaviours are perceived in the dementia care context and afterward impact the actions used to react to behaviour (p.163). In addition, dominant perception influences the approaches to behaviours can cause much preventable agony for person with dementia who are misconstrued (As cited in Fazio et al., 1999) (p.163). We must shift away from dominant discourse that is fixed and move toward a more fluid dominant discourse whereby we will be open minded to possibilities in other to facilitate positive social discourse in the community. Lindsay et. al (2002), explain that dementia is fast growing in elderly population and it has a significant effect on healthcare services and society due to increasing concern of health policy makers and service provider as life expectancy increase particularly as the baby boomer ages (p.445). After assessing Mrs. Williams for Alzheimer, she was later admitted into Long Term Care through our NGO committee of agencies. Ontario Long-Term Care Home ACT (2007) (part II; sec 24), states â€Å"Every licensee of a long-term care home shall ensure that a 24-hour admission care plan is developed for each resident and communicated to direct care staff within 24 hours of the resident’s admission to the home. Moreover, Canadian Health PolicyShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of The Elderly1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world, has an imminent aged care crisis. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) reports that there are 3.22 million people aged 65 years or older, or 14% of the population, and this number is expected to double over the next 45 years. The effect of the elderly living longer is that the occurrence of illness and disabilities, as well as recovery time, is increased (Lovell, 2006). Associated with this is the increase in demand for health care resources, and the nega tive stereotype of the elderlyRead MoreImpact Of Cancer Care1173 Words   |  5 PagesIn a recent report, Cancer care in the United States continues to be a conglomerate of cancer care progress, declining mortality rates, and increasing healthcare costs (American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2016). This report further describes how the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has on patients on whether they can afford the medications and treatments needed or not. A projected study in the cost of cancer for 2010 until 2020 was completed using data from the years of 2003 andRead MorePopulation Trends Have A Direct Effect On Health Services918 Words   |  4 PagesPopulation trends have a direct effect on what we anticipate to happen in society and what trajectory healthcare needs are anticipated to take. Statistical analysis of data such as aging patterns, sociodemographic population shifts, and changes in the prevalence and incidence of different diseases is collected from various sources, combined with utilization reports and used to support increased accuracy in planning and estimation of the demand for healthcare services. Often times, these results canRead MoreThe Use Of Music And Singing On Young Adults Written By Eells ( 2014 )1649 Words   |  7 Pageswellbeing by alleviating pain, minimizing anxiety, and diverting attention from sad experiences (Mok and Wong, 2003, cited by Eells 2014). Dementia as the article noted is a universal problem affecting over 35 million people and the number increases annually. In the UK, it is expected that over a million will be affected by 2025 (Alzheimer Society 2007). Dementia causes progressive decline in cognitive functions and complicates the impact of sensory experience by affecting communication, memories,Read MoreDignity And Dementia Handout 21462 Words   |  6 PagesEnhancing dignity in the care of people with dementia Professor Lesley Baillie Florence Nightingale Foundation Chair of Clinical Nursing Practice, London South Bank University and University College :London Hospitals Plan Types of dignity †¢ Human dignity: the dignity that all humans have and cannot be taken away †¢ Social dignity: experienced through interaction - dignity-of-self and dignity-inrelation (Jacobson 2007) †¢ So for people with dementia: †¢ We must acknowledge and respect their humanRead MorePerson Centred Care1501 Words   |  7 Pagesconfusion in the older patient is dementia. The Mental Health Foundation (2006) defines Dementia as â€Å"...a decline in mental ability which effects, memory, thinking, problem solving, concentration and perception... Dementia is almost invariably a disease of ageing† If an elderly patient is incapable of making rationale decisions for their self and unable to cooperate in the participation of their care, the next of kin’s involvement is very important. We as healthcare professionals can only do so muchRead MoreCommunication And Loss : An Essential Part Of Nursing2795 Words   |  12 PagesCommunication and loss are key concepts which should be understood by any healthcare professional. Not only this but understanding the contributing factors that can lead to good communication any why loss is difficult to cope with may also lead to a more person centred approach to a patient’s care within the National Healthcare Service. This is something that the Royal College of Nursing describe as an essential part of nursing (RCN, 2013).Although it is important to fully appreciate the conceptsRead MoreForgetting The Past, Focusing On The Future: . How Alzheimer’S1412 Words   |  6 PagesPopulation Effects Health Care Today Within the next forty years, the United States will spend over $20 trillion dollars in total for patient’s with Alzheimer s (Johns). As the population ages, people become continuously more at risk for Alzheimer’s and other dementias; therefore, it remains crucial to learn about the effects of the aging population and Alzheimer’s on health care today. With the baby boomer generation reaching ages where care and assistance is necessary, the healthcare field mustRead MoreCommunication, Assessment, Managing Risk, And Managing Uncertainty2361 Words   |  10 Pageshow successful it was. The NMC (2008) states that healthcare professionals must respect a person’s right to confidentiality; to ensure this I will be using pseudonyms for the service users mentioned in this assignment. I will be referring to the patient as ‘John’ and his wife as ‘Brenda’. I have gained consent from Brenda to talk about her husband’s situation in this assignment, as he did not have capacity to grant consent himself due to dementia. John is 76 years old and lives at home with his wifeRead MoreThe Growing Trend Of Elder Abuse Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe growing trend of elder abuse Elder abuse also known as elder mistreatment has been around for many, many years but is now just coming to the forefront and being acknowledged by the society on a whole. intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk of harm, whether or not intended, to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trust relationship to the elder or (b) failure by a caregiver to satisfy the elder’s basic needs or to protect the elder from harm†

Essay on Prisoners of Silence - 915 Words

Belief perseverance is defined by Meyers as Persistence of ones initial conceptions, as when the basis for ones belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. This phenomenon is readily observable and at many times throughout the film Prisoners of Silence. It can be observed in the man who discovered facilitated language, parents of autistic children, teachers, facilitators and even in the view of the film. The video begins by introducing a revolutionary new possibility in the understanding of what autism is and how to approach those persons afflicted. Through a technique called facilitated language many autistic children were seemingly freed from the inability to communicate. Many were able†¦show more content†¦Biklen is quite capable of reasoning why it may still be true. For example, when presented with the data collected by a double-blind study he has the following reasons it may have turned up such negative results: a test is a confrontational situation and the patients may have been uncomfortable proving themselves. He said it is possible that patients and/or facilitators may have frozen when asked to perform for researches. He also claimed that many patients experience severe word forming problems. By this he meant that, although the patient may recognize the object, he may be unable to retrieve its name from memory. Each of these could be true. However, to a person looking objectively, Dr. Biklen is clearly attempting to justify a persistent belief. Many parents had stories about children using facilitated speech. One woman believes despite evidence because she has seen her daughter make up words for objects she doesnt know the name. Her belief has been discredited, but she has found a reason it might be true. Another concept illustrated is that of the Confirmation Bias. It is defined as a tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions and is very similar to belief perseverance in the case of Prisoners of Silence. In this case, the participants of facilitated speech are much more inclined to verify instead of disprove their belief that it is an effective tool for working with autism.Show MoreRelatedEssay Night by Elie Wiesel885 Words   |  4 Pages The next theme that became apparent throughout the story was Silence. Although not seen always throughout this book, Silence is always there. For example when Elie asks the fellow prisoners, where is God? At this moment everyone became silent. Everyone was thinking the same thing, how a man this powerful, could let something this tragic and cruel happen to these people. ThisRead More`` Night `` By Elie Wiesel1321 Words   |  6 Pagesunaware audience about three themes; identity, silence, and faith. To begin with, many of the prisoners undergo character development as more and more conflict arises. In the beginning, most of the prisoners still maintained their hope and still had the motivation to be reunited with their family members, alive. However, towards the end, the prisoners struggled to coexist with one another. Weakened men became burdens for their sons, and the prisoners no longer had the ability to share with othersRead MoreReflective Essay On Silence In Night870 Words   |  4 Pagesand his family are separated into different concentration camps. During this period of time, he witnesses many atrocious acts yet does nothing to stop them, and it leads to severe outcomes. In the memoir Night, Elie Wiesel reminds the world that silence to such cruelty at any given time is unacceptable to those in dire need. To start, the world around the Jews kept silent. Although surrounding nations nearby had heard about the concentration camps, they did absolutely nothing and stood by whileRead MoreAn Analysis of Elie Wiesels Night822 Words   |  3 PagesNo one had any strength left. And again the night would be long. In addition to the ever-present threat of death and dying, Wiesel is faced with a perpetual silence in the camp. This is the physical silence experienced throughout the nights, but also the metaphorical silence of not being able to speak freely and to be oneself. This silence thus adds to the feeling of hopelessness that the author is undergoing. Perhaps even more of a contributing factor is the inhumanity that is growing in theRead MoreA Picture Of The Gulag Labor Camps916 Words   |  4 Pagespicture of the Gulag labor camps in Soviet Russia through personal experience, eyewitness testimony and interviews, and primary research material. Solzhenitsyn is describing the silence that survivors of the Gulag were forced to exhibit after staring terror and fear directly in the face during their time in the Gulag. The silence Solzhenitsyn is describing, is claimed to be one of the reason the Gulag is often not given the attention in history books and in the forefront of our minds that the Gulag deservesRead MoreDorothy Dix Changed the Prison and Mental Health Systems1068 Words   |  4 Pageshealth systems in a new and superior style. Throughout the years, prisons and mental health asylums have changed greatly, especially concerning unfair prison treatment, the reform movement, and today’s important impact. Before the reform movement, prisoners and the mentally ill were treated cruelly under the prison system. Up until the 1800s, it was believed that mental illnesses meant some form of â€Å"religious punishment or demonic possession†. Most people had negative feelings toward the mentally illRead MoreEssay Symbolism in Elie Wiesels Night860 Words   |  4 Pagesleaving him in the darkness of night. Silence is another important example of symbolism in Night. Although silence is seemingly unimportant, Elie’s remarks about silence symbolize much more. Firstly, Elie is troubled by the fact that the world can remain silent while the Jews and others in the concentration camps are being submitted to torture. Also, he recognizes that the Jews have been oppressed to silence, unable to stand for themselves any longer. The silence represents the inability and weaknessRead MoreTheme on Byrons Prisoner of Chillon889 Words   |  4 PagesLord Byrons poetic work The Prisoner of Chillon tells the struggle between a persons ending their suffering and accepting it rather than holding on to the hope of freedom. The author uses symbols to represent the immediate end of suffering, acceptance of defeat, and succumbing to torture in competition with hope, strength, and faith in eventual freedom. The symbolism of the chains represents the prisoners bondage. When the eldest of the prisoners younger brothers died, the chains were removedRead MoreSolitary Confinement Effect On Prisoners1162 Words   |  5 Pages Solitary Confinement Effect on Prisoners Ashlee Chavez California State University Bakersfield Abstract This paper will include a review of different prison systems that have occurred in America, and how the Pennsylvania and New York or Auburn model have helped facilitate the use of solitary confinement. To establish the negative effects solitary confinement has on humans, this paper will provide reasons it is used, how it is used, and review conditions of solitary confinement. ItRead More Auburn Penitentiary: Silent and Congregate Correctional Facility1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthe idea of total solitary confinement of prisoners was introduced and based on a belief that criminal habits were learned from and reinforced by other criminals. However, after prisoners had several suicide attempts and mental breakdowns, the decision was made to substitute an alternative system known as the silent or congregate system. Under the Auburn silent system, inmates were kept in separate cells at night and required to maintain complete silence while during the day, they worked in communal

Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm A Book by George Orwell

Old Major Speech Essay The Old Major’s speech was at the very start of chapter one of the book. It illustrates how animal farm was based on the Russian Revolution and how the Old Major character was modeled on Karl Marx who wrote the communist manifesto which was a guiding principle of the Russian Revolution. The Old Major used a huge amount of persuasive techniques in many different ways. He used emotive language to make the animals have an emotional, rather than a rational response to his speech. He creates a number of ideas that he expresses to the animals to make them believe that the revolution is for the right ideas. The first idea is of man as a parasite, a being who ‘consumes without producing’, lazy and weak. This sets up†¦show more content†¦The animals clearly did not realise this at the time because the one main point about the book is that the pigs are cleverer than the rest of the animals more easily. It’s worth discussing the way in which the Old Major speaks. He alternates rhetorical questions - questions where the answer is self-evident. Occasionally he will ask a question which he then proceeds to answer himself ‘Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings.’ There are many questions in the speech but none of them are genuine questions, the answers are all either implicit in the question or given in the speech. Each time he is pushing the animals along and forces them to think along the channels he has chosen. In parts of the speech he had a very clever idea of how to use the rhetorical questions for lots of purposes. He makes them believe that they are thinking for themselves, but really he is intentionally forcing the answers through the questions that he is asking. He does this partly to mask the fact that he is manipulating them into agreeing with him. When the Old Major isn’t asking questions, he is exclaiming. ‘Fix your minds on that, comrades, throughout the short remainder of your lives!’ The speech he makes isn’t a quiet one, you can tell from the exclamations that his voice is raised and designed to be rousing. The Old MajorShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm/ Pov Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesof the characters in Animal Farm, are there any who seem to represent the point of view of the author? Which of the animals or people do you think come(s) closest to achieving Orwells perspective on Animal Farm? George Orwell brings to life many characters in the novel Animal Farm. He introduces very interesting characters like Boxer, Benjamin, and Napoleon. All of which are very interesting, however, none of them fully represent Orwell’s point of view. In Animal Farm, Orwell shows the reader theRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm923 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Character Analysis Essay â€Å"Old major†¦ was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say† (Orwell 1). The author, George Orwell, portrayed Old Major as the wisest of all the animals on the farm, and without being said, Major was a big part of Animal Farm. In fact, he influenced the lives of all the animals with just one speech. On the day of this speech, Major taught all the animals his wise ideas in a kind supportingRead MoreOld Majors Speech In Animal Farm By George Orwell728 Words   |  3 PagesOld Major’s Propaganda†¦ Speech After reading George Orwell’s Animal Farm, one may take better care of his or her fluffy white cat! Easily recognized as a fable, in his book Animal Farm, Orwell uses free willed, self-thinking animals to struggle for their freedoms in much the same way man does. It is not just a fable though; it is based on reality. George Orwell (or Erik Blare) dealt with conflict with social democracy, communists, and capitalism his entire life, and it sparked his novel. The oneRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm1142 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it,† said Spanish philosopher George Santayana. This brilliant message shows to be present in George Orwell’s satirical novel Animal Farm. In this book, Orwell uses farm animals to illustrate the true nature of the communist Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. There are many examples in this book and in real life that show the truth of aforementioned Santayana’s statement, for if one does not remember the past, they are only allowing it toRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1779 Words   |  8 Pagesthat a book named Animal Farm would be about something harmless, playful, or childish. The author George Orwell even subtitled the novella, â€Å"A Fairy Story.† However, Animal Farm carries a much deeper message than one might initially suppose. The story chronicles the development of a farm in England named, â€Å"The Manor Farm.† The animals of the farm are controlled and oppressed by Mr. Jones, the farmer, and his ranch-hands. One night, a pig by the name of Old Major, delivers a speech to the animals, tellingRead MoreThe Reality Of Animalism In Animal Farm, By George Orwell937 Words   |  4 Pagesfiction novel, Animal Farm, by George Orwell, opens with the farm’s prize pig giving a speech. Old Major discusses his dream where animals don’t have to live under the harsh rule of humans, and are completely free. He preaches equality among animals, where no animal hurts another. â€Å"No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal† (11). The concept of a world in which animals were in power came to be known as Animalism. Following Old Major’s death, the animals of the farm tried to implementRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell2946 Words   |  12 PagesCould the world in Nineteen Eighty-four (1948) and Animal Farm (1945) ever really exist? Orwell believes it could. In Animal Farm, the pigs gradually twist and distort rhetoric of socialist revolution to justify their behavior and to keep the other animals in the dark. The animals embrace Major’s ideal of socialism, but after Major dies, the pigs began to altering his words. At end of the work, Squealer’s has repeatedly reconfigured the meaning and words of the Seven Commandments in order to decriminalizeRead MoreAnimal Farm Or Ussr Part II1243 Words   |  5 PagesCliffy Smith James Hensley Pre-IB LA 10 10 April 2015 Animal Farm or USSR Part II Animal Farm written by George Orwell is a hopeful novel about a group of animals that overthrow their farmer and create an animalistic government. Much like All the King’s Men a novel by Robert Penn Warren, Animal Farm has strong political undertones relating to the the skewed government of Soviet Russia. Throughout the book many animal characters can be identified with the political leaders and influences throughoutRead MoreAnimal Farm : All Power Corrupts1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Farm: All Power Corrupts â€Å"Choose a novel or short story or a work of non-fiction which explores a theme which you find interesting. By referring to appropriate techniques, show how the writer explores the theme.† In the novel â€Å"Animal Farm†, author George Orwell explores a multitude of various themes. However, the underlying, ever-present, and arguably the most important theme in the book is power, and the corrupting effect it has on those who receive it. Orwell uses various language techniquesRead MoreAnimal Farm and Stalinist Russia Essay904 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Farm and Stalinist Russia In his book Animal Farm George Orwell gives a very vivid and accurate account of what happened in Russia after Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. Being an allegory, most of the characters and events have a parallel in Stalinist Russia. Minor characters in the story also symbolize things that are very relevant to the history of Russia. Mr. Jones is the embodiment of the old government, of the monarchy where the autocrat

Cause Effect of Columbine Shooting - 832 Words

Jennifer Leho Sociology 109 October 17, 2010 Crime amp; Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior is any behavior that violates social norms and is disapproved by a group in society. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold are a prime example of deviant behavior. These two children embarked on murder massacre, killing twelve students and one teacher, injuring twenty-one others. The pair then committed suicide after their devilish act. The children were both bullied daily at school. One friend of the deviant duo said â€Å"Jocks threw human fetus at them†. The two boys were a part of dark group called the â€Å"Trench coat Mafia†. There were many warning signs before this massacre took place. The boys made home videos known as the Basement Tapes. Where they†¦show more content†¦TAG believes that is what put him over the edge. There was an evolution of motive for the boys started with anger, depression, revenge and suicide. One of the keys to life is socialization. Socialization is the extended period of dependency for human children allows them to learn the complexities of culture through human affection and interaction. Both Harris and Klebold both lacked any socialization skills. Their school was not welcoming, a place that should be fundamental to socialization. Their family environment seemed to be normal however; this is not something we confirm. With children making homemade bombs and destruction home videos makes me wonder how normal their life could really be. The groups that they surrounded themselves by were angry kids just like them, maybe not to the extent Harris and Klebold were but the Trench coat Mafia had felt the same abuse. It is a known statistic that if the media coverage is big enough after a massacre like this, police expect another attack within 2 weeks. TAG believes that theory comes from the power, respect, the flashy suicide and the legacy you leave behind. Harris and Klebold’s lack of socialization and deviant behavior is key to theirShow MoreRelatedColumbine Shooting Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesat Columbine High School. When asked to name a victim of the Columbine massacre, most people cannot produce a name but can name the shooters: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. Too often do Americans and citizens of the world remember the perpetrators of tragedies rather than the victims themselves. In an article published by Newsweek written by Max Kutner named â€Å"Mass Shootings and News Media: A Connection?†, Anderson Cooper stated in an on air interview following the 2012 movie theater shooting in AuroraRead MoreThe Psychology of Heavy Metal Music Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesDoes heavy metal music have effects on society? Many people love listening to this kind of music and they love going to concerts where these bands are playing. Going to concerts and listening to music is the whole part of the music industry. If fans did not go to concerts, then musicians would not be able to make money and be successful. Many people love listening to heavy metal music; however, some people think that it could lead to violence, depression, and self- loathing. There have beenRead More Who Is Responsible For The Columbine Killings? Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pages Cause – Effect nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Even since the shooting at Columbine High School caught the attention of America and all the world on April 20, 1999, high school shootings and other forms of violence at schools has been plaguing America during the last ten years. It is also found that most of the violence that occurs in high schools is caused by young men. Students aren’t feeling safe at school anymore and parents are enraged that students could bring the weapons to school in the firstRead MoreEssay on Michael Moores ‘Bowling for Columbine’1339 Words   |  6 Pagescommentator. He has directed and produced four of the eight highest grossing documentaries of all time. In 2005 Time Magazine named Moore one of the world’s ‘Hundred most influential people’. The documentary ‘Bowling for Columbine’ explores the possible causes for the Columbine High School massacre. It has won the ‘Best Documentary feature’ at both the Academy an d Independent Spirit Awards, together with the Cà ©sar award for ‘best foreign films’. In this sequence we see American fighter jets droppingRead MoreColumbine High School Shooting Shootings1147 Words   |  5 PagesColumbine High School Shooting On April 20th, 1999 in Jefferson County, two seniors started a school massacre at Columbine High School. The attackers names Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, both students were 17. There was extensive planning and a lot of major events that happened with the two before the shooting. When the attack was underway, a bunch of key events took place inside the school. Then, the information that was found out after the whole incident, containing the skills and personalitiesRead MoreThe Columbine Influence: How a School Shooting Affected a Nation1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Columbine massacre was one of the deadliest school shootings in U.S. history. On April 20, 1999, high school seniors Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shot and killed 12 students, one teacher, and themselves. Twenty-five students were also injured, some very critically. While there had been many school shootings in America prior to this, the young age of the shooters, the number of victims, and the randomness of the people t hey killed shocked the nation. It has been 14 years since this tragedy andRead MoreA Method Of Preventing School Shootings895 Words   |  4 PagesA method of preventing school shootings would be to acknowledge risk factors that the student is facing. For example, bullying is a risk factor for school shootings. In a research study done in 2001 of 37 school shootings, it was reported that 75% of the school shooters felt bullied, threatened, or injured by others in which most of the shooters in the report had experienced long-term bullying and harassment from their peers (Duplechain Morris, 2014). In addition, the authors do state: â€Å"SchoolRead MoreSchool Violence Speech Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: School Violence General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform what needs to be done to stop school violence. Central Idea: To inform the effects, causes, and solutions of school violence. INTRODUCTION: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the April 20, 1999 shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado I have been looking deeper into the issue of school violence. The number of extremely violent crimes committed by students has been increasing in the last fewRead MoreEssay on Media Propaganda and Stereotypes1645 Words   |  7 Pageson peoples views, governments use stereotypes already imbedded in society as a propaganda tactic to persuade peoples thoughts, opinions and beliefs in order to benefit their cause. The media was used for disseminating stereotypes the effect violent music has on teenagers behaviours such as in the shootings at Columbine. After the September 11 attacks, the U.S. government used the media as an outlet to emphasize Muslim stereotypes to influence people to support the invasion of Iraq. StereotypesRead MoreSchool Shootings And Its Effect On Society992 Words   |  4 Pageswait for the problem to occur before making a change. Troubled children and teens have always existed but unfortunately now we’ve entered into an era where shootings are no longer just seen in action movies, it has now become a reality in our schools. Why do these children end up killing their classmates a nd why the number of school shootings in America have increased in the past several years? These articles try to give some kind of explanation into why these tragic accidents occur. As well as preventions

Career Resilience Essay Example For Students

Career Resilience Essay Career Resilience Change in the workplace continues at a rapid pace, affecting careers and career development. Mergers, acquisitions, reengineering, and downsizing are influencing employment patterns and altering the career directions of many. No longer are individuals advised to think in terms of spending their entire careers in one organization. Rather, they are being led to recognize the temporary nature of all jobs and the need to prepare themselves for redefined career paths that require resilience and an ability to be self-reliant. This Digest defines the concept of career resilience, including the characteristics of individuals who are career resilient and the characteristics of organizations that support career resilience. Definition of Career Resilience Collard et al. (1996) present several definitions of career resilience. One of these is the ability to adapt to changing circumstances, even when the circumstances are discouraging or disruptive (p. 33). Another definition of career resilience is the result or outcome of being career self-reliant (p. 34). Although career self-reliance and career resilience have been used interchangeably, there is a slight difference in the focus of each term. Career self-reliance refers to individual career self-management taking responsibility for ones own career and growth while maintaining commitment to the organizations success; career resilience refers to individual career development developing the knowledge and skills required to make a visible and personally motivated contribution to the organization and its customers. The Need for Career Resilience The emphasis on the self-management and self-development of ones career is a reflection of the shift in the . .ouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education, 1996. (ED 396 191) Filipczak, B. Youre on Your Own. Training 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 29-36. Fox, D. Career Insurance for Todays World. Training Development 50, no. 3 (March 1996): 61-64. Hall, D. T. and Mirvis, P. H. The New Career Contract: Devel-oping the Whole Person at Midlife and Beyond. Journal of Vocational Behavior 47, no. 3 (December 1995): 269-289. Hequet, M. Flat and Happy? Training 32, no. 4 (April 1995): 29-34. Kaye, B. , and Farren, C. Up Is Not the Only Way. Training Development 50, no. 2 (February 1996): 48-53. Koonce, R. Becoming Your Own Career Coach. Training Development 49, no. 1 (January 1995): 18-25. Waterman, R. H., Jr.; Waterman, J. D.; and Collard, B. A. Toward a Career-Resilient Workforce. Harvard Business Review 72, no. 4 (July-August 1994): 87-95.

Business Ethics Issues Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethicsfor Issues Management. Answer: Introduction In the age of information, data privacy has become a pressing issue for IT managers. There is a huge data to handle for them and as discussed in the article by Jeff Relkin in 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers depicts the major issues of ownership, control, privacy, accuracy and security. These broad themes categorize major security related incidents across the globe. This depicts the basic violation of the Right to Privacy in the name of security and scrutiny. We will talk about the case of employees being monitored by companies in terms of what sites they visit and other personal details that trends and analytics can suggest on their behavior. We will also look at the case of Facebook and Google sharing data with the government and how can government wield control through this personal data. Ethical issue from viewpoints of all of the stakeholders involved Let us first look at what is the ethical issue concerning our stakeholder base. In case of data sharing of companies with for example banks and credit based institutions depicts the basic privacy violation of personal data for misuse by credit card companies. We can see this violation in the type of service they try to offer the customer since they already understand the same with the data shared to them. The use of analytics to generate patterns is in the ambit of the law but use of personal information cannot be considered within the boundaries (Borghoff and Pareschi 2013) Moving onto the data about sites visited and also the data about the hyperlinks that are clicked. The redirection pages are actually of interest to the employee and can be a fodder to analytics based companies to judge interest. Facebook releases user reports containing birth and other personal data for government reports. But as per a lot of insiders from the company the government has been pressing for more information. The posts and likes of an individual are also monitored closely by the government and its agencies (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Massive amounts of data is stored on user patterns in the Facebook data center, thus technology has changed the way data can be amassed and shared. The two types of data sets can be cross referenced and there could be more policing issues if the data is shared without the approval of the individual in question. The designs have always been revolutionary. In the recent edition they have gone wireless. They are also trying to work on holographic analytics screens. This can lead to even more scrutiny of information. Issue resolution via ethical avenues rather than the legal ones Now let us look at the issue of ethical obligations versus legal obligations to help in understanding data privacy issues. The ethical avenues are very popular and help in the understanding of what information must organizations like Facebook and Google share. They have an ethical obligation to share only some data regarding contact details or birthdates. But there is definitely an ethical obligation to not share data which can cause unrest for the individual. This data can be used to unnecessarily harass an individual with the kind of power government agencies have. We can also see that there are issues of control (Weiss 2014). The IT companies have been using these for innovation in Artificial intelligence and other pioneering technologies that lead to analytics framework development. The industry reports suggest a technology based on cloud and mobility. They are thus looking at the usage of SMAC concept with in their technology framework. Now let us look at the data usage of organizations for their internal purpose when it comes to employee data. There are always non-disclosure agreements signed by employees. But every employee has a salient past and that experience in the form of information becomes an infringement of privacy. The kind of websites the employee visits when they do not work or say in the time they use the official laptop for personal purposes, depicts the nature of such a concern (Schwalbe 2015). Under recent reports, 78 percent of data stolen from organizations is the cause of low security and "dumpster diving". Also the same percentage of close to 80 percent of the organizational crime is due to the inside job and insider trading. Hence the role of security is paramount in these situations. But how far can security infringe upon the free will of individuals and their right to privacy is a cause of concern (Quinn 2014). Then we can also see that what an individual supports and what he or she doesnt becomes a public domain thing but an analysis on these is a cause of concern. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards one another and general population The ethical obligation of the stakeholders are thus huge. Let us take the Facebook example, Facebook has data about what an individual supports and what he or she doesnt. It also has information about what they like and what they dont. Such an information can cause immense problems for individuals who are being tracked and targeted for purchase. Back in 2013, two major news networks reported about Facebook sharing data to government agencies. Thus the sharp line between privacy violation and security concerns is breached. We can look at this with the help of an in-depth analytics of such data. They will reveal future trends and other growth avenues. Thus the efforts seem seamlessly driven and can cause issues (Cherry and Jacob 2015) Looking the obligation of government towards general population we can see that since most of the governments that are elected by the people such data usage by government agencies to monitor and control individuals is a huge issue for them. They are monitoring peoples behavior without their prior permission. This is in violation of the right to privacy. A number of intelligence officers had pointed out that the surveillance program was so powerful that they could monitor the ideas and thought process of individuals as they type something. Managing the Privacy versus Security Debate We can see that there is a thin line between the way information can be treated in the debate for privacy and security. There has to be no unnecessary scrutiny of an individual. There has to be a guiding principle of Australian security debate and we will also see what the guiding principles of Australian Computer Society are (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Thus we need to decipher the amount and the type of information that goes out to other agencies. Also private agencies must not have access to such information. Even if this is available in public domain, if an individual objects to a restricted list of audience for his or her views it must be kept like that. Guidance of Australian Computer Society's (ACS) Code of Ethics There are six guiding pillars of the Australian Computer Society, these are the primacy of public interest this talks about the free will of individuals over their personal, business and sectional interests. Next comes the enhancement of the quality of life this relates to the enhanced quality of life by those affected by work. Then comes the discussion of honesty and (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014) representation of skills and knowledge in an honest manner. Then comes competence and the overall resoluteness and diligence in work. Lastly we talk about professionalism and personal development. These are the six guiding principles that help in understanding of an individual. Then we can also look at the effects of these guidelines on the way IT managers can function and decide on what can be shared and what cannot be shared. Conclusion As we saw in the report, how important is the violation of the right to privacy. A number of intelligence officers had pointed out that the surveillance program was so powerful that they could monitor the ideas and thought process of individuals as they type something. The ethical avenues are very popular and help in the understanding of what information must organizations like Facebook and Google share. They have an ethical obligation to share only some data regarding contact details or birthdates. Thus the study of psychographics is a cause of concern for us. We can also see how this can lead to troubles for individuals. The use of analytics to generate patterns is in the ambit of the law but use of personal information cannot be considered within the boundaries. Thus these boundaries must not be violated to infringe upon the privacy of any individual. The amount of surveillance must therefore be curtailed and cannot be allowed to proceed further. Thus the thin line between the two must not be crossed in any given way. The designs have always been revolutionary. In the recent edition they have gone wireless can lead to further issues of privacy and security breaches. As per the ACS recommendations, representation of skills and knowledge in an honest manner. Then comes competence and the overall resoluteness and diligence in work. This is thus important for employees to understand. References Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., 2015.Contemporary technology: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Borghoff, U.M. and Pareschi, R. eds., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science Business Media. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P.H., Borning, A. and Huldtgren, A., 2013. Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Quinn, M.J., 2014.Ethics for the information age. Pearson. Rainer, R.K., Cegielski, C.G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I. and Sanchez-Rodriguez, C., 2013.Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. John Wiley Sons. Slade, S. and Prinsloo, P., 2013. Learning analytics ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), pp.1510-1529.